反滲(shen)透膜分離(li)技術的基(ji)本原理

重慶(qing)恒諾水處理(li)設(she)備(bei)有限(xian)公司從(cong)事水處理(li)事業(ye)十一年，已成為(wei)(wei)純(chun)(chun)(chun)水、超(chao)(chao)純(chun)(chun)(chun)水設(she)備(bei)，實(shi)驗室(shi)超(chao)(chao)純(chun)(chun)(chun)水設(she)備(bei)，工業(ye)電子級超(chao)(chao)純(chun)(chun)(chun)水設(she)備(bei),實(shi)驗室(shi)綜合(he)廢水系統，礦用超(chao)(chao)純(chun)(chun)(chun)水處理(li)設(she)備(bei)的專業(ye)生產廠家，以客戶需求為(wei)(wei)中心，致力于為(wei)(wei)客戶創造價值(zhi)，提供最(zui)優質最(zui)實(shi)惠(hui)的水處理(li)解(jie)決(jue)方案，今天分(fen)享：

反(fan)滲透膜分(fen)離(li)技(ji)術的基本原理

在(zai)(zai)相同的(de)外壓下，當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液與純溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑為(wei)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)隔開時(shi)(shi)，純溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑會(hui)通過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液變淡的(de)現象稱(cheng)為(wei)滲透(tou)。這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑分(fen)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)單位時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)進入(ru)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液內(nei)的(de)數目要(yao)比溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液內(nei)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑分(fen)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)通過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)進入(ru)純溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑內(nei)的(de)數目多。表面上看來，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑通過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)滲透(tou)到溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液中，使(shi)得溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液體積增大(da)，濃度變稀，當(dang)單位時(shi)(shi)間內(nei)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑分(fen)子(zi)從兩個(ge)相反的(de)方(fang)向穿過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)數目彼此相等，即達到滲透(tou)平衡(heng)。滲透(tou)必須通過(guo)(guo)一(yi)種膜(mo)(mo)來進行，這(zhe)種膜(mo)(mo)只能允許溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑分(fen)子(zi)通過(guo)(guo)，而不允許溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)分(fen)子(zi)通過(guo)(guo)，因此稱(cheng)之為(wei)半(ban)(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)。

當半透膜隔開溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)與純(chun)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)時，加(jia)在原溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)使(shi)其恰好能阻止純(chun)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)進(jin)入溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的額(e)外壓(ya)力(li)稱(cheng)之為滲透壓(ya)，通常(chang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)愈(yu)濃，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的滲透壓(ya)愈(yu)大。如果加(jia)在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)上(shang)的壓(ya)力(li)超過了滲透壓(ya)，則反而使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中的溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)向(xiang)純(chun)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)方向(xiang)流動，這(zhe)個過程叫做反滲透。反滲透膜分離技術(shu)就是利用反滲透原理(li)進(jin)行分離的方法。